Essential equipment for all modules

• Phase contrast microscope with x20 x40 phase objective and x100 oil immersion (bright field)
• Heated microscope stage
• Positive displacement pipette (to pipette a minimum 50μl)
• Air displacement pipettes covering volumes up 1ml
• Centrifuge
• Vortex mixer
• Counter (bench-top multichannel mechanical or electronic)
• Haemocytometers (improved Neubauer)
• Humidified chamber (container with lid containing wet tissue)

Essential Consumables for all modules

• Dilution tubes (up to 1mL) for sperm concentration
• Glass slides (frosted end)
• 22x22mm cover slips (wet preparation and motility)
• 22x50mm cover slips (morphology)
• Sperm diluent (*WHO, 1999)

Additional Equipment for Module 1 “Diagnostic Semen Analysis”

• Two from three of the following chambers: Horwell, Makler, Microcell/Leja slide